01
A path taught by the Jinas
The word Jain derives from Jina, meaning ‘conqueror’: one who has overcome attachment, aversion, and ignorance. Jains honour twenty-four Tirthankaras in the present time cycle. The most recent, Mahavira, lived in ancient India and was a contemporary of the Buddha.
Tirthankaras are revered as perfected teachers rather than creator gods. They show a ford—a way across the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.
02
Soul, karma, and liberation
Jain philosophy distinguishes living souls from non-living reality. Karma is understood as subtle matter drawn to the soul by actions and passions. Ethical restraint and spiritual practice stop new karmic influx and help shed existing karma.
Liberation, or moksha, is the soul’s state of infinite knowledge, perception, bliss, and energy, free from rebirth.
03
A lived tradition
Jain life includes monastic and lay paths. Ascetics undertake the vows in their fullest form; householders follow limited vows suited to family and social life. Communities differ in texts, clothing, worship, and ritual while sharing foundational commitments.
- Ahimsa — nonviolence
- Anekantavada — reality has many aspects
- Aparigraha — non-attachment
- The Three Jewels — right faith, right knowledge, right conduct